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first of all , lets define Encryption ?

In very basic terms, encryption is a way to send a message in code. The only person who can decode the message is the person with the correct key; to anyone else, the message looks like a random series of letters, numbers, and characters.
But to the person who u wanna secure , u gotta add additional layer of security to sesitive information, coz its might be intercepted by an attacker.

Its just a way to decode a message in some unrecognized letters by others , using some mathematical algorithms.

now , how does it work ?

1- you can obtain a public key for the person you want to be able to read the information. If you get the key from a public key ring, contact the person directly to confirm that the series of letters and numbers associated with the key is the correct fingerprint.
2- Encrypt the email message using their public key. Most email clients have a feature to easily perform this task.
3- When the person receives the message, he or she will be able to decrypt it.