Well here are a few things you should understand:
Database:
A database is a collection of tables, with related data
Table:
A table is a matrix with data. A table in a database looks like a simple spreadsheet.
Column:
One column (data element) contains data of one and the same kind, for example the column postcode.
Row:
A row (= tuple, entry) is a group of related data, for example the data of one subscription. One row can not contain lists.
Primary Key:
MySQL requires a PRIMARY KEY in each table to be able to refer to previously read rows and other queries.
Index:
An index in a database resembles an index at the back of a book.
Using a keyword you can find the right page number of rows, within a table.
Foreign Key:
A foreign key is the linking pin between two tables.
Given a value from a row in one table you can access another table to find the right row with related data.
So, one table gives the key for the other, 'foreign' table.
Join:
With a join you combine columns from different tables to one big temporary result table. For instance, make an overview of readers, with the name of the newspapers that they are subscribed to.
One to Many Relationship:
Most relations between tables are one-to-many.
Example:
One area can be the habitat of many readers.
One reader can have many subscriptions.
One newspaper can have many subscriptions
RDBMS:
Relational DataBase Management System enables you to implement a database with tables, columns, and indexes. Guarantees the Referential Integrity between rows of various tables. Updates the indexes automatically.
Interprets an SQL query and combines information from various tables.
These are just a few but might help you in your learning experience - Best of Luck with your database design.
MySQL - Indexes, Foreign Key, PK
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